To most men, the prostate is a bit of a mystery. Though we may not know exactly what it is or what it does, most of us have heard that it can present problems as we age. That’s why it’s good to learn a little more about it.
The prostate is a small gland that helps in the production of semen. It’s located just below the bladder in front of the rectum, and it wraps around the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body. It tends to grow larger as we get older, and if it gets too large, it can cause a number of health issues. So let’s take a look at some of those issues, how to identify them, and even how to prevent them.
Common Prostate Problems
One common issue is something called prostatitis, or an inflamed prostate, and there are two main types:
- Acute prostatitis is an infection, typically caused by bacteria, which can lead to a sudden onset of painful urination, a small stream, and often a fever and chills.
- Chronic prostatitis (sometimes referred to as chronic pelvic pain syndrome) is a less-defined condition, common symptoms include consistent or recurring pelvic pain, pain or burning when urinating, increased urge to urinate, trouble emptying the bladder, and/or painful ejaculation.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia or BPH is commonly referred to as “enlarged prostate.” This is an excessive growth of the gland that typically starts after the age of 50. In some cases the prostate’s size can double or even triple. For most males it’s an expected aspect of aging. BPH is not caused by cancer, even though it can occur concurrently. The urethra is effectively cut off as the prostate grows in size, which strains the bladder's muscular walls and makes urination difficult. Symptoms can include slow or weak urine stream, delayed start of stream, frequently awakening at night to urinate (more than twice per night).
Prostate cancer is defined by an abnormal growth of cells. Prostate cancer can either be limited to the prostate, progress to nearby tissue, or even spread to more distant sites.
There are many causes for prostate issues. One hypothesis is that the prostate is wrongly targeted by the immune system, which causes the gland to be bombarded with inflammatory compounds. Infections caused by bacteria or fungi that are invisible to routine diagnostic procedures are another possibility. In addition to eating certain foods, stress and depression, chronic pain disorders, trauma to the genitourinary region, and repeated biopsies can all cause prostate problems.
Preventing Prostate Cancer
Since it has the word “cancer” attached to it, prostate cancer often gets the most attention among the common prostate problems. And while there is no one strategy to prevent prostate cancer, you can decrease your risk by maintaining good health as you age or by taking steps to correct current health issues. Like all cancers, though, there are some prostate cancer risk factors that can't be prevented.
As a “disease of aging,” your likelihood of developing prostate cancer rises as you get older. Race and genetics can also play a role. In comparison to white American males, African American men have a risk of developing prostate cancer that’s twice as high. You’re also more likely to develop prostate cancer if your father, brother, or several other blood relatives did.
With certain risk factors, preventing prostate cancer can be challenging. But early and frequent screening can help ensure that if you do get cancer, it can be identified and treated as soon as possible.
Promoting Prostate Health
No matter your age, genetics, or race, it's crucial to make lifestyle choices that are good for your prostate. Fortunately, prostate-healthy behaviors also improve your general health.
- Improve your diet. Switching to a plant-heavy Mediterranean diet, with plenty of healthy fats like those found in avocados and olives, is ideal for prostate health.
- Reduce alcohol consumption and avoid processed foods. Processed meals and alcohol both contribute to harmful inflammation in the body.
- Stay active and exercise regularly throughout the week.
- Have a prostate exam during your annual physical once you turn 50.
When To See a Doctor
Waiting a year to see your doctor may be too long if you’re experiencing ongoing issues. If you have any lower urinary tract symptoms, including a weak urine stream, increased need to urinate, failure to completely empty your bladder, or more frequent urination, talk to your doctor right away. If you don’t have a primary care doctor, schedule an appointment with a mount Carmel provider here. Other signs that warrant a visit to your doctor include ongoing or repeated pain during or after ejaculation, blood in the semen, and pain in the rectum, perineum, base of the penis, or lower back.
Not everyone will experience prostate problems as they age. But it’s good to be vigilant, know what to look for, and take immediate action if you do.